Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease among Adults in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Environmental and epidemiological factors increase the risk of dry eye in Saudi Arabia, but most studies have limited generalizability.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) among adults across Saudi Arabia and the associated risk factors. The secondary objective was to estimate the economic burden of DED by calculating lubricant usage and its annual costs.

Pneumorrhachis Following Neck Penetrating Injury: A Case Report.

The development of air in the spinal canal is an uncommon and usually asymptomatic event. Also known as pneumorrhachis (PNR), the main information about this phenomenon is based on a few case reports published previously. It is highly difficult to identify this entity clinically, and in most publications, PNR was incidentally identified during image procedures, mainly computed tomography (CT) scans.

Comparison of Three Circular Frames in Lower Limb Deformity Correction: A Biomechanical Study.

Background The use of circular frames in correcting lower limb deformity is well-established and has evolved dramatically over the years. Three new frames have been introduced recently, and this study is set to compare them in terms of accuracy and efficiency in correcting a similar long bone deformity. These frames are the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF; Smith & Nephew, London, United Kingdom), the Truelok Hexapod System (TL-HEX; Orthofix, Lewisville, Texas), and Orthex (OrthoPediatrics, Warsaw, Indiana).

Punicalagin protects against the development of pancreatic injury and insulitis in rats with induced T1DM by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.

Pancreatic inflammation and oxidative damage remain major concerns in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Punicalagin, a major polyphenol in pomegranates, exhibited antioxidant and protective effects on several organs in case of T1DM; however, no study has yet explored the protective effects of punicalagin on the pancreas and islets of Langerhans. T1DM was induced by injecting 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally.

The Efficacy of Dose Increments of Botulinum Toxin A in the Treatment of Childhood Esotropia.

Background: Botulinum toxin is known to have a powerful chemodenervation effect, and it is a well-established alternative to incisional surgery for strabismus. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of dose increments of botulinum toxin A (BTA) for the treatment of specific ranges of angle deviation.

Methods: This was a prospective study that included patients presenting with esotropia to Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital between 2016 and 2020, who were managed by a single surgeon.