Generation COVID: Young adult substance use.

Opposing theories posited that young adult substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic would decline due to restricted access and social engagement or increase due to efforts to cope with rising distress, loneliness, and isolation. Peer-reviewed global longitudinal studies found (a) overall declines in commonly used substances in 2020 with some rebounding in 2021; (b) individual differences in this pattern, with declines linked to factors limiting access and increases to pre-existing risk; and (c) under-developed evidence to evaluate increased coping-related use. Given potential links between surging mental health disorders and substance use, further surveillance and wider dissemination of substance use programming is needed, particularly for vulnerable individuals and settings.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people who inject drugs accessing harm reduction services in an rural American state.

Background: The impact of public health policies during the COVID-19 pandemic on people who inject drugs (PWID) has varied across regions. In other countries, recent research has shown that PWID access to harm reduction services, despite rapid adaptations, has been negatively impacted. Our study describes these impacts in a rural state.

In-depth analysis of crash contributing factors and potential ADAS interventions among at-risk drivers using the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study.

Objective: Motor vehicle crashes remain a significant problem. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have the potential to reduce crash incidence and severity, but their optimization requires a comprehensive understanding of driver-specific errors and environmental hazards in real-world crash scenarios. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to quantify contributing factors using the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS), identify potential ADAS interventions, and make suggestions to optimize ADAS for real-world crash scenarios.

The Impact of driver distraction and secondary tasks with and without other co-occurring driving behaviors on the level of road traffic crashes.

Driving safety is typically affected by concurrent non-driving tasks. These activities might negatively impact the trips' outcome and cause near-crash or crash incidents and accidents. The crashes impose a tremendous social and economic cost to society and might affect the involving individuals' quality of life.

Gender-Based Microaggressions in Surgery: A Scoping Review of the Global Literature.

Background: In addition to systemic gender disparities, women in surgery encounter interpersonal microaggressions. The objective of this study is to describe the most common forms of microaggressions reported by women in surgery.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review using PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid, and Web of Science to describe the international, indexed English-language literature on gender-based microaggressions experienced by female surgeons, surgical trainees, and medical students in surgery.