Anesthetic challenges of patients with cardiac comorbidities undergoing major urologic surgery.

The cardiac patient undergoing major urologic surgery is a complex case requiring a great attention by the anesthesiologist. Number of this group of patients having to go through this procedure is constantly increasing, due to prolonged life, increased agressiveness of surgery and increased anesthesia's safety. The anesthesiologist usually has to deal with several problems of the patient, such as hypertension, chronic heart failure, coronary artery disease, rhythm disturbances, intraoperative hemodymanic changes, intraoperative bleeding, perioperative fluid imbalance, and metabolic disturbances.

Management of pheochromocytoma: old ideas and new drugs.

Pheochromocytoma presents a challenge to the surgery team because of its clinical features and implications. The patient must be treated before the surgery until a stable hemodynamically state is achieved. The preoperative treatment includes α2-short acting adrenergic blocking and β-blocker agents.

Anesthetic challenges in the obese patient.

Obesity seems to be the modern concern to society. An increasing number of obese patients present annually to surgical wards to undergo surgical procedures. As morbid obesity affects most of the vital organs, the anesthesiologist must be prepared to deal with several challenges.