Fetal growth restriction adversely impacts trajectory of hippocampal neurodevelopment and function.

The last pregnancy trimester is critical for fetal brain development but is a vulnerable period if the pregnancy is compromised by fetal growth restriction (FGR). The impact of FGR on the maturational development of neuronal morphology is not known, however, studies in fetal sheep allow longitudinal analysis in a long gestation species. Here we compared hippocampal neuron dendritogenesis in FGR and control fetal sheep at three timepoints equivalent to the third trimester of pregnancy, complemented by magnetic resonance image for brain volume, and electrophysiology for synaptic function.

Challenges and motivating factors for integrating geostatistical models in targeted schistosomiasis control: A qualitative case study in Northwestern Tanzania.

Introduction: To address problems of over- and under-treatment with preventive chemotherapy resulting in ongoing transmission of schistosomiasis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends targeted mass drug administration (MDA) interventions at a sub-district level. In Tanzania, the lack of sub-district (ward) prevalence data has inhibited a transition to targeted treatment. Model-based prevalence estimation combined with routine surveillance data can be used to overcome this gap.

Determinants of health seeking behaviour in South Sudan: a cross-sectional household survey.

Background: Access to healthcare is a major challenge in South Sudan, but evidence on the factors influencing health seeking behaviour (HSB) and the magnitude of their effect is limited. This study aims to identify which determinants are associated with seeking care for perceived health needs and with seeking care at private or public healthcare facilities in South Sudan.

Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in three purposefully-selected states (Central Equatoria, Western Equatoria and Warrap).

Genetically identified outbreak linked to a rural Butcher's Shop, February-March 2018, North East England.

Between February and April 2018, within a unique 5-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) address was isolated from 28 cases with links to a small rural area of Northeast England, with five cases prospectively identified by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Infections had a severe clinical picture with ten cases hospitalized (36%), two cases with invasive disease, and two deaths reported. Interviews determined that 24 cases (86%) had been exposed to a local independent butcher's shop (Butcher A).

Antimicrobial Prescribing Patterns in GP Practices in Northern Ireland.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat requiring immediate attention as it is set to cause ten million deaths worldwide by 2050, overtaking that of cancer. Continuation of overuse and/or misuse of these crucial medicines will prevent future generations from reaping the benefits, as the pandemic of AMR spirals out of control. The primary aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial prescribing patterns in General Practices throughout Northern Ireland.