Pulse oximetry at two sensor placement sites in conscious foals.

Background: Pulse oximetry has not been thoroughly evaluated for assessment of oxygenation in conscious foals. Compared with invasive arterial blood sampling, it is a painless and non-invasive method for real-time monitoring of blood oxygen saturation. The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the usability, validity, and reliability of pulse oximetry at two measuring sites (lip and caudal abdominal skin fold) for blood oxygen saturation measurement in conscious foals with and without respiratory compromise.

Genotoxicity testing of the anthraquinone dye Alizarin Red S.

The anthraquinone dye Alizarin Red S (ARS) is used for marking live animals, specifically as a tool for monitoring the stock of the endangered European eel by marking caught fish with ARS before releasing the eels back into the wild. As ARS can be found in recaptured eels even years later, knowledge of potential health hazards of ARS is essential for assessing the food safety of eels marked with ARS. As the compound class of anthraquinones is known for their genotoxic and carcinogenic properties, concerns were raised regarding the food safety of marked eels.

The reproductive tract microbiome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and across different menstrual cycle phases.

Study Question: Do polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), menstrual cycle phases, and ovulatory status affect reproductive tract (RT) microbiome profiles?

Summary Answer: We identified microbial features associated with menstrual cycle phases in the upper and lower RT microbiome, but only two specific differences in the upper RT according to PCOS status.

What Is Known Already: The vaginal and uterine microbiome profiles vary throughout the menstrual cycle. Studies have reported alterations in the vaginal microbiome among women diagnosed with PCOS.

Factors affecting survival of foals with pneumonia in a referral hospital.

Background: Pneumonia is a common condition in ailing neonatal foals, and it remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this veterinary patient group. Factors affecting the survival of young foals with pneumonia have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to explore the potential prognostic factors associated with survival of these foals.

MrgprA3 neurons drive cutaneous immunity against helminths through selective control of myeloid-derived IL-33.

Skin uses interdependent cellular networks for barrier integrity and host immunity, but most underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Herein, we demonstrate that the human parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni inhibited pruritus evoked by itch-sensing afferents bearing the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor A3 (MrgprA3) in mice. MrgprA3 neurons controlled interleukin (IL)-17 γδ T cell expansion, epidermal hyperplasia and host resistance against S.