Improved ruggedness for membrane-based amperometric sensors using a pulsed amperometric method.

This paper introduces a new approach to the use of membrane-based amperometric sensors which is expected to improve the ruggedness of these sensors significantly relative to the steady-state method in common use. In this new method, the fixed-voltage source used with the conventional steady-state method is replaced by a pulsed-voltage source. Unlike the fixed-source approach, which yields steady-state currents corresponding to large differences between analyte concentrations inside and outside the isolating membrane, the pulsed-source approach permits measurement of currents corresponding to near-equilibrium conditions between solutions inside and outside the membrane.

The inseparable triad: analytical sensitivity, measurement uncertainty, and quantitative resolution.

The formal definition of sensitivity associates the term with the change in the response of a system for a small change of the stimulus causing the response, i.e., the ratio of the response of a system to the stimulus causing it.

Measurement/data-processing method to improve the ruggedness of membrane-based sensors: Application to amperometric oxygen sensor.

This paper describes alternative measurement and data-processing approaches that can reduce effects of experimental variables on results obtained with a membrane-based sensor for oxygen. In the new approaches, the membrane-based sensor is first equilibrated with the sample solution, after which a polarizing voltage is applied and current vs. time data are recorded as the response decays toward a steady-state condition.

Unified view of kinetic-based analytical methods with emphasis on ruggedness. A review.

All analytical determinations can be grouped into two general categories, namely equilibrium-based and transient-based methods. This is an important grouping because most conventional approaches to transient-based methods are much less rugged than their equilibrium-based counterparts. As a result it is necessary to control variables within much narrower tolerances for transient-based methods than equilibrium-based methods to obtain similar degrees of reliability.

Use of artificial intelligence in analytical systems for the clinical laboratory.

Objective: To consider the role of software in system operation, control and automation, and attempts to define intelligence.

Methods And Results: Artificial intelligence (Al) is characterized by its ability to deal with incomplete and imprecise information and to accumulate knowledge. Expert systems, building on standard computing techniques, depend heavily on the domain experts and knowledge engineers that have programmed them to represent the real world.