Senescent brain cell types in Alzheimer's disease: Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

Cellular senescence is a cell state triggered by programmed physiological processes or cellular stress responses. Stress-induced senescent cells often acquire pathogenic traits, including a toxic secretome and resistance to apoptosis. When pathogenic senescent cells form faster than they are cleared by the immune system, they accumulate in tissues throughout the body and contribute to age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration.

PNPLA3(148M) is a gain-of-function mutation that promotes hepatic steatosis by inhibiting ATGL-mediated triglyceride hydrolysis.

Background & Aims: PNPLA3(148M) (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3) is the most impactful genetic risk factor for steatotic liver disease (SLD). A key unresolved issue is whether PNPLA3(148M) confers a loss- or gain-of-function. Here we test the hypothesis that PNPLA3 causes steatosis by sequestering ABHD5 (α/β hydrolase domain-containing protein 5), the cofactor of ATGL (adipose TG lipase), thus limiting mobilization of hepatic triglyceride (TG).

Science development study for the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST): Solar and stellar observations.

Observations at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths offer a complementary perspective on our Sun and other stars, offering significant insights into both the thermal and magnetic composition of their chromospheres. Despite the fundamental progress in (sub-)millimeter observations of the Sun, some important aspects require diagnostic capabilities that are not offered by existing observatories. In particular, simultaneously observations of the radiation continuum across an extended frequency range would facilitate the mapping of different layers and thus ultimately the 3D structure of the solar atmosphere.