Probability of vertical HIV transmission: A systematic review and meta-regression.

Background: Eliminating HIV vertical transmission (VT) and is a global priority. Estimates of paediatric HIV infections are commonly derived through mathematical models relying on rates of VT stratified by maternal immunological and treatment status from literature, namely the UNAIDS-supported Spectrum AIDS Impact Module (Spectrum-AIM) to assess progress towards eliminating VT. Default VT probabilities were last updated in 2018, since then there have been substantial changes to service delivery and ART regimens.

Cultural taboos and low sexual and reproductive health literacy among university students in Magway city, Myanmar.

University students in Myanmar experience a high prevalence of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) problems including unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. These are compounded by pervasive cultural taboos surrounding sex and sexuality. Sexual and reproductive health literacy is crucial to addressing these problems.

Association Between Early Sexual Debut and New HIV Infections Among Adolescents and Young Adults in 11 African Countries.

We investigated the association between early sexual debut and HIV infection among adolescents and young adults. Analyzing data from nationally representative Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) surveys in 11 African countries, the research employed a multivariate logistic regression model to assess the relationship between the early sexual debut and new HIV infections in the age group of 10-24 years. The results revealed a significant and robust association, indicating that young individuals who experienced early sexual debut were approximately 2.

Global-, Regional-, and National-Level Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Diagnoses, 2020-2021.

Evaluating cross-country variability on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) may provide urgent inputs to control programs as countries recover from the pandemic. We compared expected TB notifications, modeled using trends in annual TB notifications from 2013-2019, with observed TB notifications to compute the observed to expected (OE) ratios for 170 countries. We applied the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method to identify the covariates, out of 27 pandemic- and tuberculosis-relevant variables, that had the strongest explanatory power for log OE ratios.