Association between tenofovir plasma trough concentrations in the early stage of administration and discontinuation of up to five years tenofovir disoproxil fumarate due to renal function-related adverse events in Japanese HIV-1 infected patients.

Background: The relationship between plasma tenofovir (TFV) concentration at the beginning of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) administration and the development of renal dysfunction during long-term administration of TDF has not been demonstrated yet. The objective of the present study was to determine whether plasma TFV trough concentrations during early TDF administration could serve as an indicator of renal dysfunction when TDF is administered for long periods.

Methods: We included 149 HIV-1 infected Japanese patients who were prescribed TDF.

Evaluation of plasma doravirine concentrations in patients with HIV-1 undergoing hemodialysis.

The pharmacokinetics of doravirine (DOR) have not been clarified in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of DOR in four HIV-1-infected patients undergoing HD who were administered DOR. The participants were patients undergoing HD for end-stage renal disease and were administered DOR.

Comprehensive metabolome analysis for the pharmacological action of inchinkoto, a hepatoprotective herbal medicine.

Introduction: The precise pharmacological action of inchinkoto (ICKT, Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang in Chinese), a hepatoprotective herbal medicine, on total metabolic pathways has not been well investigated.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the serum metabolites reflecting the pharmacological activity of ICKT, and mechanism of action of ICKT using serum metabolome analysis.

Methods: 54 patients with obstructive jaundice due to malignancies were included in this study.

Properties, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics of Active Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids in Hook.

Hook (UH) is a dry stem with hook of plant and is contained in Traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine such as yokukansan, yokukansankachimpihange, chotosan, Gouteng-Baitouweng, and Tianma-Gouteng Yin. UH contains active indole and oxindole alkaloids and has the therapeutic effects on ailments of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. The recent advances of analytical technology led to reports of detailed pharmacokinetics of UH alkaloids.