Diabetes mellitus in childhood: an emerging condition in the 21st century.

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF-2015) estimates the existence of 30,900 children under 15 years old with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in Brazil, and an increase of 3.0% per year is expected. This review focused on meta-analysis and pediatric diabetes update articles in order to draw attention to the need of planning coping strategies to support this serious public health problem in coming years.

Molecular CYP21A2 diagnosis in 480 Brazilian patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia before newborn screening introduction.

Background: Most congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients carry CYP21A2 mutations derived from conversion events involving the pseudogene, and the remaining carry new mutations.

Objective: To review causal mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in 480 Brazilian patients.

Methods: DNA was extracted from 158 salt-wasters (SWs), 116 simple virilizing (SV), and 206 nonclassical (NC) patients.

Tamoxifen Improves Final Height Prediction in Girls with McCune-Albright Syndrome: A Long Follow-Up.

Background: McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a genetic disorder characterized by the triad of fibrous dysplasia, skin hyperpigmentation, and autonomous hyperfunction of various endocrine organs. MAS frequently presents in females as precocious puberty (PP). Although many treatments have been proposed, the preservation of final height (FH) in these patients remains a challenge.

A novel DAX1/NR0B1 mutation in a patient with adrenal hypoplasia congenita and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

We report a case of adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) due to a novel DAX1 mutation. A 19-month-old boy with hyperpigmentation and failure to thrive came to our service for investigation. Three brothers of the patient had died due to adrenal failure, and a maternal cousin had adrenal insufficiency.

Evaluation of adrenal reserve in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with prednisone or dexamethasone.

Background/aims: The purpose of this study was to compare adrenal gland reserve in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients 8 weeks after treatment with either prednisone (PRED) or dexamethasone (DEX) during the induction phase of therapy.

Methods: A double-blind comparative study of patients treated with PRED and DEX was performed. Sixteen patients received PRED (40 mg/m(2)/day) and 13 patients received DEX (6 mg/m(2)/day), both for 28 days.