Communication-efficient federated learning of temporal effects on opioid use disorder with data from distributed research networks.

Objective: To develop a distributed algorithm to fit multi-center Cox regression models with time-varying coefficients to facilitate privacy-preserving data integration across multiple health systems.

Materials And Methods: The Cox model with time-varying coefficients relaxes the proportional hazards assumption of the usual Cox model and is particularly useful to model time-to-event outcomes. We proposed a One-shot Distributed Algorithm to fit multi-center Cox regression models with Time varying coefficients (ODACT).

Neural cue reactivity and intrinsic functional connectivity in individuals with alcohol use disorder following treatment with topiramate or naltrexone.

Rationale: Both topiramate and naltrexone have been shown to affect neural alcohol cue reactivity in alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, their comparative effects on alcohol cue reactivity are unknown. Moreover, while naltrexone has been found to normalize hyperactive localized network connectivity implicated in AUD, no studies have examined the effect of topiramate on intrinsic functional connectivity or compared functional connectivity between these two widely used medications.

[ C]Carfentanil PET Whole-Body Imaging of Mu-Opioid Receptors: A First In-Human Study.

Introduction: Mu-opioid receptors (MORs) are G-coupled protein receptors with a high affinity for both endogenous and exogenous opioids. MORs are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral organs, and the immune system. They mediate pain and reward and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of opioid, cocaine, and other substance use disorders.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia During Early Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder Among Veterans.

Study Objectives: 1) To determine the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) for improving insomnia, alcohol-related outcomes, and daytime functioning at post-treatment and at 3- and 6-month follow-up, in a largely African American Veteran sample; 2) Evaluate whether improvement in insomnia is associated with a reduction in alcohol-related outcomes post-treatment.

Methods: An RCT of CBT-I (n = 31) compared to Quasi-Desensitization therapy (QDT, n = 32), eight weekly in-person sessions, with assessments at baseline, end of treatment (8 weeks), and 3- and 6-months post-treatment. Primary outcomes were the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) total score, and Percent Days Abstinent (PDA).

Utility of Candidate Genes From an Algorithm Designed to Predict Genetic Risk for Opioid Use Disorder.

Importance: Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration gave premarketing approval to an algorithm based on its purported ability to identify individuals at genetic risk for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, the clinical utility of the candidate genetic variants included in the algorithm has not been independently demonstrated.

Objective: To assess the utility of 15 genetic variants from an algorithm intended to predict OUD risk.