How important to dairies is selling tobacco? Views of dairy owners and managers on tobacco retailing.

Aim: Given the Government's commitment to reducing tobacco availability to minimal levels by 2025, finding ways to decrease the number of tobacco retailers is an important task. We assessed the perceived importance of selling tobacco among dairy owners and managers.

Method: We conducted a face-to-face survey to explore retailers' views on selling tobacco products, tobacco retailer licensing and tobacco-free retailing.

Single and double addition of oxygen atoms to propyne on surfaces at low temperatures.

Experiments designed to simulate the low temperature surface chemistry occurring in interstellar clouds provide clear evidence of a reaction between oxygen atoms and propyne ice. The reactants are dosed onto a surface held at a fixed temperature between 14 and 100 K. After the dosing period, temperature programmed desorption (TPD), coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, are used to identify two reaction products with molecular formulae C3H4O and C3H4O2.

Smokefree outdoor areas in New Zealand: how far have we come?

Aim: This research examined 1) the extent and nature of smokefree outdoor area (SFOA) policies in New Zealand, and 2) the process of developing, implementing and promoting compliance with a SFOA policy.

Method: An online survey was carried out with 43 of the 67 Local and District Councils, supplemented by other means. The survey assessed whether the council had a smokefree policy and if so, what locations the policy covered, the process of developing, implementing and promoting compliance with a smokefree policy, the challenges associated with policy development, and plans for future policies.

Conformation-resolved UV spectra of Pb(II) complexes: a gas phase study of the sandwich structures [Pb(toluene)2]2+ and [Pb(benzene)2]2+.

Toxic heavy metals, such as Pb(2+), have become important targets for the development of efficient receptors that are capable of recognizing their presence as environmental and biological pollutants, and an important part of that receptor-metal characterization process is the provision of spectral evidence that identifies the presence of a metal ion. From results reported here on a combined experimental and theoretical study it is shown that, when complexed with aromatic ligands, Pb(2+) is capable of yielding structured UV spectra, which: (i) exhibit discrete electronic transitions that include significant contributions from the metal ion; (ii) are very sensitive to the electronic properties of coordinating ligands; and (iii) are sensitive to subtle changes in coordination geometry. Two aromatic sandwich complexes, [Pb(benzene)2](2+) and [Pb(toluene)2](2+) have been prepared in the gas phase and their UV action spectra recorded from ions held and cooled in an ion trap.

An analysis of resistance times to infection under treatment.

A general model is proposed for the time taken by a subject to catch an infectious disease when there may be treatment intervention during the exposure time. Particular specifications are then made in order to apply the model to some recent data on the infectivity of whooping cough within the family.