Differential effects of intra-ventral tegmental area ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 on the stimulatory action of D-amphetamine and cocaine-induced ethanol intake in male Sprague Dawley rats.

In order to further elucidate the role of mesolimbic peptides in the expression of ethanol reward, the present study investigated the effects of ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on ethanol intake, in addition to ethanol intake stimulated by systemic d-amphetamine or cocaine treatment. While a number of studies suggest that ghrelin plays an important role in mesolimbic reward, emerging data now indicate that GLP-1 receptor mechanisms inhibit reward signaling, possibly by directly or indirectly inhibiting ghrelinergic activity within the mesolimbic system. In the present study all rats were initially habituated to a 6% ethanol solution.

The quantitative impact of joint peer review with a specialist radiologist in head and neck cancer radiotherapy planning.

Objectives: Radiologist input in peer review of head and neck radiotherapy has been introduced as a routine departmental approach. The aim was to evaluate this practice and to quantitatively analyse the changes made.

Methods: Patients treated with radical-dose radiotherapy between August and November 2020 were reviewed.

Brain Site-Specific Inhibitory Effects of the GLP-1 Analogue Exendin-4 on Alcohol Intake and Operant Responding for Palatable Food.

Approximately 14.4 million Americans are experiencing alcohol use disorder (AUD) and about two-thirds of people who experience drug addiction will relapse, highlighting the need to develop novel and effective treatments. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone implicated in the mesocorticolimbic reward system and has become a peptide of interest with respect to its putative inhibitory effects on drug reward.

DIPNECH presenting on a background of malignant melanoma: new lung nodules are not always what they seem.

The coexistence of lung nodules on a CT scan with worsening respiratory symptoms in the context of previous malignant melanoma would usually signify metastatic disease. The cause of the lung nodules in this 69-year-old woman turned out to be diffuse idiopathic neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) with tumourlets. DIPNECH is extremely rare, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the literature worldwide.

Antepartum fetal asphyxia in the preterm pregnancy.

Objective: The objective of this report was to provide insight into the frequency and characteristics of antepartum fetal asphyxia in pregnancies that are delivered preterm.

Study Design: The characteristics of 30 pregnancies that were delivered preterm with biochemically confirmed antepartum fetal asphyxia (umbilical artery base deficit of >12 mmol/L) that were derived from >1 decade of experience in a single tertiary care obstetric unit were examined. Antepartum clinical characteristics, fetal assessment tests, and neonatal complications were documented.