A critical examination of sport discipline typology: identifying inherent limitations and deficiencies in contemporary classification systems.

Exercise scientists (especially in the field of biomolecular research) frequently classify athletic cohorts into categories such as , , or , and create a practical framework for studying diverse athletic populations between seemingly similar groups. It is crucial to recognize the limitations and complexities of these classifications, as they may oversimplify the multidimensional characteristics of each sport. If so, the validity of studies dealing with such approaches may become compromised and the comparability across different studies challenging or impossible.

A comprehensive model for the biochemistry of ageing, senescence and longevity.

Various models for ageing, each focussing on different biochemical and/or cellular pathways have been proposed. This has resulted in a complex and non-coherent portrayal of ageing. Here, we describe a concise and comprehensive model for the biochemistry of ageing consisting of three interacting signalling hubs.

3'sialyllactose and 6'sialyllactose enhance performance in endurance-type exercise through metabolic adaptation.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) belong to a group of multifunctional glycans that are abundantly present in human breast milk. While health effects of neutral oligosaccharides have been investigated extensively, a lot remains unknown regarding health effects of acidic oligosaccharides, such as the two sialyllactoses (SLs), 3'sialyllactose (3'SL), and 6'sialyllactose (6'SL). We utilized () to investigate the effects of SLs on exercise performance.

An AMP Kinase-pathway dependent integrated stress response regulates ageing and longevity.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of the AMP-kinase pathway (AMPK pathway) in the induction of a concomitant set of health benefits by exercise, numerous drugs, and health ingredients, all of which are adversely affected by ageing. Despite the AMPK pathway being frequently mentioned in relation to both these health effects and ageing, it appears challenging to understand how the activation of a single biochemical pathway by various treatments can produce such a diverse range of concurrent health benefits, involving so many organs. We discovered that the AMPK pathway functions as an integrated stress response system because of the presence of a feedback loop in it.