Causative diseases of bloody sputum and hemoptysis in respiratory clinics in Japan.

Background: No previous studies have compared respiratory clinics and respiratory specialized facilities regarding causative diseases for bloody sputum and hemoptysis in Japan.

Methods: We retrospectively compared causative diseases for bloody sputum and hemoptysis between 3 respiratory clinics (clinic group) and 7 departments of respiratory medicine at hospitals (hospital group) in Japan.

Results: We collected data from 231 patients (median age, 51 years; age range, 24-96 years; 109 men (47.

Effectiveness of benralizumab in the Tokyo Asthma Study (TOAST): A real-world prospective interventional trial.

Background: Biologics are integral in the management of severe asthma. As the effectiveness of the anti-IL-5 receptor antibody benralizumab in Japan remains elusive, this study aimed to assess its real-world effectiveness in Japanese patients with severe asthma.

Methods: This prospective, interventional, single-arm clinical trial was conducted across ten facilities in Japan between September 2020 and July 2022.

Critical Spontaneous Breaking of U(1) Symmetry at Zero Temperature in One Dimension.

The Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner theorem states that there is no spontaneous breaking of continuous internal symmetries in spatial dimensions d≤2 at finite temperature. At zero temperature, the quantum-to-classical mapping further implies the absence of such symmetry breaking in one dimension, which is also known as Coleman's theorem in the context of relativistic quantum field theories. One route to violate this "folklore" is requiring an order parameter to commute with a Hamiltonian, as in the classic example of the Heisenberg ferromagnet and its variations.