Historical precursors of the field we now call epidemiology date back to Hippocrates. Modern epidemiological science, however, developed as domestic and international infectious disease transmission accompanied industrialization, some nations' economic growth, and colonial powers' military expansion and dominance. This article canvasses ways in which modern epidemiology influenced public health innovation from the late 18th century through the mid-19th century.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe translated the Medication Management Ability Assessment (MMAA) from English to Spanish for use via tele-assessment and examined its reliability and validity. Following International Test Commission Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests, we used translation/back-translation and a small focus group ( = 6) to adapt a Spanish version of the MMAA. Eighty-six Spanish-speaking adults completed the adapted MMAA via tele-assessment at baseline and at a two-week follow-up visit.
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