Environmental pollution and toxic substances: Cellular apoptosis as a key parameter in a sensible model like fish.

The industrial wastes, sewage effluents, agricultural run-off and decomposition of biological waste may cause high environmental concentration of chemicals that can interfere with the cell cycle activating the programmed process of cells death (apoptosis). In order to provide a detailed understanding of environmental pollutants-induced apoptosis, here we reviewed the current knowledge on the interactions of environmental chemicals and programmed cell death. Metals (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, zinc, copper, mercury and silver) as well as other chemicals including bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and pesticides (organo-phosphated, organo-chlorinated, carbamates, phyretroids and biopesticides) were evaluated in relation to apoptotic pathways, heat shock proteins and metallothioneins.

Skin Mucus Protein Profile, Immune Parameters, Immune-Related Gene Expression, and Growth Performance of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Powder.

An 8-week feeding trial was performed to assess the effects of dietary white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) powder (WBMP) on the mucosal immunity and growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout (n = 192; weight 13.76 ± 1.

Dietary Immunogen modulated digestive enzyme activity and immune gene expression in Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae.

Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) is an important economical shrimp species worldwide, especially in the Middle East region, and farming activities of this species have been largely affected by diseases, mostly viral and bacterial diseases. Scientists have started to use prebiotics for bolstering the immune status of the animal. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Immunogen on growth, digestive enzyme activity and immune related gene expression of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae.