Prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer using an ultrasonic feature- and clinical data-based model.

The involvement of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) is a critical prognostic factor affecting patient management and outcomes in breast cancer (BC). This study aims to comprehensively analyze the clinical data of BC patients, evaluate ultrasonic signs of ALNs, and explore the implications of a prediction model for ALN metastasis (ALNM) in early-stage BC patients based on ultrasonic features and clinical data. This study retrospectively analyzed ultrasonic features and clinical data from 216 patients diagnosed with unilateral invasive BC.

PET/CT guided tuberculosis treatment shortening: a randomized trial.

Six months of chemotherapy using current agents is standard of care for pulmonary, drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB), even though some are believed to be cured more rapidly and others require longer therapy. Understanding what factors determine the length of treatment required for durable cure in individual patients would allow individualization of treatment durations, provide better clinical tools to determine the of appropriate duration of new regimens, as well as reduce the cost of large Phase III studies to determine the optimal combinations to use in TB control programs. We conducted a randomized clinical trial in South Africa and China that recruited 704 participants with newly diagnosed, drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis and stratified them based on radiographic disease characteristics as assessed by FDG PET/CT scan readers.

Defect width as a percentage of transverse abdominal diameter: An index to predict the requirement for component separation in incisional hernia repair.

Purpose: Preoperative decision making prior to incisional hernia repair brings benefits but also presents challenges. Defect width (DW) is the key index in hernia staging but does not precisely indicate the requirement for component separation (CS). DW as a percentage of transverse abdominal diameter (TAD) determined by CT imaging was investigated for its capacity to indicate the necessity of CS for successful defect closure under physiological tension.

Identifying the Bifunctional Mechanism in Alkaline Water Electrolysis by Lewis Pairs at the Single-Atom Scale.

The bifunctional mechanism, involving multiactive compositions to simultaneously dissociate water molecules and optimize intermediate adsorption, has been widely used in the design of catalysts to boost water electrolysis for sustainable hydrogen energy production but remains debatable due to difficulties in accurately identifying the reaction process. Here, we proposed the concept of well-defined Lewis pairs in single-atom catalysts, with a unique acid-base nature, to comprehensively understand the exact role of multiactive compositions in an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. By facilely adjusting active moieties, the induced synergistic effect between Lewis pairs (M-P/S/Cr pairs, M = Ru, Ir, Pt) can significantly facilitate the cleavage of the H-OH bond and accelerate the removal of intermediates, thereby switching the rate-determining step from the Volmer step to the Heyrovsky step.

Unraveling Crystal Phase-Driven Activity and Selectivity of WO for Photoelectrochemical Biomass Valorization.

Modulating the crystal phase of a photocatalyst significantly impacts its surface and photochemical properties, allowing for the adjustment of catalytic activity and selectivity, particularly in the electrooxidation reactions of biomass-derived chemicals. Herein, monoclinic and hexagonal phases of WO are employed as photoanodes for the photoelectrochemical conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). The monoclinic phase demonstrated exceptional performance in photoelectrocatalytic HMF oxidation, achieving remarkable photocurrent densities (1.