Effective Recruitment or Bot Attack? The Challenge of Internet-Based Research Surveys and Recommendations to Reduce Risk and Improve Robustness.

Internet-based research has exploded in popularity in recent years, enabling researchers to offer both investigations and interventions to broader participant populations than ever before. However, challenges associated with internet-based research have also increased-notably, difficulties verifying participant data and deliberate data manipulation by bot and spam responses. This study presents a viewpoint based on 2 case studies where internet-based research was affected by bot and spam attacks.

Exploring physiological differences in injury response by skin tone: A scoping review.

Aim: To explore existing literature examining physiological differences in pressure ulcer response among individuals with differing skin tones.

Methods: This was a scoping review. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved from electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, and EMBASE, using the keywords "pressure ulcer," "skin pigmentation," "melanin," and "risk factor.

Challenges to fracture service availability and readiness provided by allopathic and traditional health providers: national surveys across The Gambia and Zimbabwe.

Background: Populations in Africa are ageing, hence the number of age-related fragility fractures, including hip fractures, is rising. Hip fractures are an indicator condition for older adult health provision, as they require a multifaceted pathway of care. To enable health service planning, detailed national-level understanding of current fracture service provision is needed.

Improving inner speech decoding by hybridisation of bimodal EEG and fMRI data.

Decoding inner speech from the brain via the hybridisation of fMRI and EEG data is explored to investigate the performance benefits over unimodal models. Two different fusion approaches are examined: concatenation of probability vectors from unimodal fMRI and EEG machine learning models, and data fusion with feature engineering. Same-task inner speech data are recorded from four participants, and different processing strategies are compared and contrasted to previously-employed hybridisation efforts.

Caregivers' experiences with diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A life-course approach.

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a developmental disability. A diagnosis of FASD is vital for support and wellbeing. However, receiving a diagnosis can be challenging.