Molecular identification of bacteria on the tongue dorsum of subjects with and without halitosis.

Aim: Compare the microbial profiles on the tongue dorsum in patients with halitosis and control subjects in a UK population using culture-independent techniques.

Materials And Methods: Halitosis patients were screened according to our recently developed recruitment protocol. Scrapings from the tongue dorsum were obtained for 12 control subjects and 20 halitosis patients.

Clinical examination of subjects with halitosis.

Objective: To develop and apply a detailed clinical protocol for screening and assessing subjects with a complaint of halitosis.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Subjects And Methods: Several methods were used to recruit subjects with a complaint of halitosis, including a newspaper advertisement.

Microbiological culture analysis of the tongue anaerobic microflora in subjects with and without halitosis.

Objective: Determination of the microflora present on the tongue dorsum of subjects with and without halitosis using conventional microbiological culture methods.

Methods: Twenty-one halitosis and 20 control patients were recruited using a strict clinical protocol. Samples were collected from the posterior dorsum of the tongue using a sterile brush.

Molecular identification of microorganisms from endodontic infections.

A relatively wide range of bacteria have been isolated from root canals using standard culture techniques. However, only 50% of the bacteria in the oral cavity are cultivable (S. S.