Activity and milk compositional changes following experimentally induced Streptococcus uberis bovine mastitis.

Milk constituents and physical activity of cows experimentally infected with Streptococcus uberis mastitis were compared with those of uninfected cows. Twelve late-lactation Holsteins cows were paired based on milk production and parity. One cow in each pair was experimentally infected in the right front mammary gland with Strep.

Short communication: Bacterial counts in recycled manure solids bedding replaced daily or deep packed in freestalls.

An experiment was conducted to compare bacterial counts of mastitis pathogens in deep-packed manure solids bedding with those in manure solids bedding replaced daily from mattresses. Eighteen Holstein cows were housed in 1 pen with 18 stalls. One row of 9 stalls was equipped with mattresses topped with bedding.

Clozapine versus "high-dose" olanzapine in refractory early-onset schizophrenia: an open-label extension study.

Objective: A recent 12-week controlled comparison demonstrated the superiority of clozapine to "high-dose" olanzapine in adolescents with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. In the present study, the authors conducted a 12-week, open-label, follow-up study to examine changes in lipid and glucose metabolism in youths maintained on clozapine and to determine whether patients who were previously randomized to high-dose olanzapine (up to 30 mg/day) responded to clozapine.

Method: Thirty three (14 clozapine, 19 olanzapine) (85%) of 39 patients were available for the present 12-week, open-label extension study.

Clozapine and "high-dose" olanzapine in refractory early-onset schizophrenia: a 12-week randomized and double-blind comparison.

Background: The present study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of clozapine versus "high-dose" olanzapine in treatment-refractory adolescents with schizophrenia.

Methods: Children, ages 10-18 years, who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and who were resistant or intolerant to at least two antipsychotic drugs were randomized to receive 12 weeks of double-blind flexibly dosed treatment with clozapine (n = 18) or "high-dose" olanzapine (up to 30 mg/day) (n = 21). The primary efficacy measure was response (improvement), defined as a decrease of 30% or more in total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score from baseline and a Clinical Global Impression Scale improvement rating of "1" (very much improved) or "2" (much improved).

Cooperative interactions between CBP and TORC2 confer selectivity to CREB target gene expression.

A number of hormones and growth factors stimulate gene expression by promoting the phosphorylation of CREB (P-CREB), thereby enhancing its association with the histone acetylase paralogs p300 and CBP (CBP/p300). Relative to cAMP, stress signals trigger comparable amounts of CREB phosphorylation, but have minimal effects on CRE-dependent transcription. Here, we show that the latent cytoplasmic coactivator TORC2 mediates target gene activation in response to cAMP signaling by associating with CBP/p300 and increasing its recruitment to a subset of CREB target genes.