Publications by authors named "H J Johnston"
Background: We investigated hospitalized carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) cases with and without COVID-19, as identified through Emerging Infections Program surveillance in 10 sites from 2020 to 2022.
Methods: We defined a CRE case as the first isolation of , complex, , , , or resistant to any carbapenem. We defined an ESBL-E case as the first isolation of , , or resistant to any third-generation cephalosporin and nonresistant to all carbapenems tested.
A global scoping review of the circumstances of care seeking for abortion later in pregnancy.
PLOS Glob Public Health
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- * A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted, screening nearly 2,600 records to identify 78 relevant studies that shed light on barriers to timely abortion care post-12 weeks of gestation.
- * Key findings indicate common challenges such as health system issues, late recognition of pregnancy, financial barriers, and delayed decision-making, with low economic status and youth often linked to these circumstances.
Article Synopsis
- Myosteatosis, characterized by fat buildup in skeletal muscle, is common among patients referred for liver transplantation (LT) and its effects on physical function and clinical outcomes remain uncertain.
- In a study involving 237 patients, those with myosteatosis showed increased frailty and poorer physical function compared to those without, but the impact on hospitalization rates and surgical complications was less clear after adjustments.
- Overall, while myosteatosis is linked to diminished physical abilities, it does not seem to significantly affect the likelihood of receiving a transplant or post-operative complications.
Aberrant activation of NLRP3 due to persistent tissue damage, misfolded proteins or crystal deposits has been linked to multiple chronic inflammatory disorders such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), neurodegenerative diseases, gouty arthritis, and numerous others. Hence, there has been an increasing interest in NLRP3 inhibitors as therapeutics. A first generation of NLRP3 inhibitors bearing a sulfonylurea core such as MCC950 (developed by Pfizer) were discovered by phenotypic screening, however their mode of action was only elucidated later.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute respiratory infection. In 2020, RSV was eliminated from New Zealand due to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) used to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, in 2021, following a brief quarantine-free travel agreement with Australia, there was a large-scale nationwide outbreak of RSV that led to reported cases more than five-times higher than typical seasonal patterns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF