Quantitative and qualitative characterization of Two PD-L1 clones: SP263 and E1L3N.

Background: Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune modulating protein expressed on the surface of various inflammatory cells, including T Cells, B Cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. PD-L1 represents an important diagnostic target; expression of PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells, or within tumor-associated immune cells, is an important predictor of likely response to targeted therapies. In this study, we describe the optimization of immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays using two PD-L1 antibodies (SP263 and E1L3N) and compare the performance of the optimized assays.

Whole genome in vivo RNAi screening identifies the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor as a novel breast tumor suppressor.

Cancer is caused by mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, resulting in the deregulation of processes fundamental to the normal behavior of cells. The identification and characterization of oncogenes and tumor suppressors has led to new treatment strategies that have significantly improved cancer outcome. The advent of next generation sequencing has allowed the elucidation of the fine structure of cancer genomes, however, the identification of pathogenic changes is complicated by the inherent genomic instability of cancer cells.

The role of SATB1 in breast cancer pathogenesis.

Background: SATB1 has been previously proposed as a key protein that controls the development and progression of breast cancer. We explored the potential of the SATB1 protein as a therapeutic target and prognostic marker for human breast cancer.

Methods: We used aggressive (MDA-MB-231 and BT549) and nonaggressive (SKBR3 and MCF7) breast cancer cell lines to investigate the potential of SATB1 as a therapeutic target.

Correlation of GREB1 mRNA with protein expression in breast cancer: validation of a novel GREB1 monoclonal antibody.

Studies of gene regulated by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1) have focused on mRNA levels with limited evidence about GREB1 protein expression in normal and breast cancer cells. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes GREB1 protein in breast tissues could be applied to correlate protein expression with established mRNA expression data. A hybridoma expressing a murine monoclonal antibody targeting a 119 amino acid peptide specific to human GREB1 was generated.

Chronic hepatitis B and viral genotype: the clinical significance of determining HBV genotypes.

The global health challenge posed by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) centres around the widespread distribution and the serious complications as a result of persistent infection with the virus. As with other chronic diseases mediated by pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), clinicians are searching for epidemiological, pathological and viral characteristics of HBV infection that may lead to more effective management of patients with chronic infection. Unlike HCV, the role of HBV genotype in disease progression, severity, response to therapy and drug resistance is still under investigation and just beginning to be clarified.