Recorded infection control messages delay inter-professional communication but are not associated with COVID-19 prevalence or mortality: insights from a national switchboard analysis.

Appropriate dissemination of information to the general public is a key component of the pandemic response. In 2018, recorded infection control advice messages were affixed to 30% of England's automated hospital switchboards during the seasonal influenza and norovirus outbreaks. As the majority of messages were mandatory for all callers, healthcare professionals using the hospital switchboard - including during time-critical emergencies - had their enquiries significantly delayed by these measures.

Identifying avoidable switchboard delays in England's NHS hospitals: phase one of the national SWITCH project.

Background: Inter-hospital communication frequently requires mediation via a switchboard. Identifying and eliminating switchboard inefficiencies may improve patient care.

Methods: All 175 acute hospital switchboards in England were contacted six times.

Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index outcomes for orthodontic and orthognathic surgery patients.

The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index is commonly used to evaluate occlusal outcomes after orthodontic treatment. We compared the PAR outcomes of 40 consecutively treated orthodontic patients and 40 orthognathic patients to evaluate the standard of care given. A patient-centred questionnaire was used to examine patients' perceptions of the benefits of orthognathic treatment.

Skin sensitization and possible groupings for 'read across' for rosin based substances.

A series of chemically modified rosin resins have been tested for their potential to cause skin sensitization using the mouse LLNA. Where direct comparative evidence is available, the results of the mouse LLNA are consistent with previously obtained data using the GPMT. Reactions with sufficient fumaric acid or maleic anhydride lead to maleopimaric acid anhydride (an acid anhydride), and give a clear response of a strong sensitizer that definitely requires classification.

On the skin sensitisation potential of rosin and oxidised rosin.

In the EU rosin is classified as a skin sensitiser, apparently on the basis of its oxidation to sensitising agents. Rosin (gum, tall oil or wood) is not a skin sensitiser when examined in the guinea pig maximisation test (GPMT). Oxidised rosins are sensitisers in the GPMT.