Metabolic responses to prolonged starvation, food restriction, and refeeding in the brown trout, Salmo trutta: oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses.

The effects of long-term starvation and food restriction (49 days), followed by refeeding (21 days) have been studied with respect to antioxidant defense in the liver and gills (branchial tissues) of the brown trout, Salmo trutta. Malondialdehyde levels in both tissues increased in parallel with starvation and food restriction and these values did not return to normal after the refeeding period. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) in liver and gills increased during the 49 days of starvation, but glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities decreased.

Seasonal changes in antioxidant defence system of liver and gills of Salmo trutta caspius, Salmo trutta labrax and Salmo trutta macrostigma.

Seasonal changes in antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD, EC 1.15.1.