A new model for the formation of an Enterococcus faecalis endodontic biofilm with nutritional restriction.

An in vitro model for the formation of an Enterococcus faecalis endodontic biofilm under nutritional restriction was established, simulating clinical conditions for the evaluation of antimicrobial substances. Biofilm formation in dentin was standardized using root quarters incubated with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 at 37°C without nutritional changes.

, a new species within clade 1c causing late blight on in Colombia.

Over the past few years, symptoms akin to late blight disease have been reported on a variety of crop plants in South America. Despite the economic importance of these crops, the causal agents of the diseases belonging to the genus have not been completely characterized. In this study, a new species was described in Colombia from tree tomato (), a semi-domesticated fruit grown in northern South America.