ERBB4 selectively amplifies TGF-β pro-metastatic responses.

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is well known to play paradoxical roles in tumorigenesis as it has both growth-inhibitory and pro-metastatic effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of how TGF-β drives the opposing responses remain largely unknown. Here, we report that ERBB4, a member of the ERBB receptor tyrosine kinase family, specifically promotes TGF-β's metastatic response but not its anti-growth response.

Manganese exposure induces parkinsonism-like symptoms by Serpina3n-TFEB-v/p-ATPase signaling mediated lysosomal dysfunction.

Manganese (Mn) is a neurotoxin that has been etiologically linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases in the case of overexposure. It is widely accepted that overexposure to Mn leads to manganism, which has clinical symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease (PD), and is referred to as parkinsonism. Astrocytes have been reported to scavenge and degrade extracellular α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the brain.

Exploring athletes' experiences and perspectives on an educational program for athletes in the Pacific Islands.

This exploratory study aims to understand athletes' experiences and perceptions of the "Voices of Athletes" (VOA), an athlete support program specifically designed and implemented in the Pacific Islands. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, combining questionnaires and short interviews, data were gathered from 414 athletes (questionnaires) and 104 athletes (interviews) during the 2019 Pacific Games in Samoa. While a Chi-square test was used for quantitative analysis to assess the association between familiarity with the VOA and interest in learning more about the program, content and thematic analyses were employed to qualitatively examine participants' perceptions and attitudes towards the VOA.

Noise-induced hearing loss enhances Ca-dependent spontaneous bursting activity in lateral cochlear efferents.

Exposure to loud and/or prolonged noise damages cochlear hair cells and triggers downstream changes in synaptic and electrical activity in multiple brain regions, resulting in hearing loss and altered speech comprehension. It remains unclear however whether or not noise exposure also compromises the cochlear efferent system, a feedback pathway in the brain that fine-tunes hearing sensitivity in the cochlea. We examined the effects of noise-induced hearing loss on the spontaneous action potential (AP) firing pattern in mouse lateral olivocochlear (LOC) neurons.