The influence of hand hygiene prior to insertion of peripheral venous catheters on the frequency of complications.

In a prospective multi-centre study involving 1132 peripheral venous catheters in three hospitals, the relationship between various measures of hand hygiene before insertion of peripheral venous catheters and the frequency of infectious complications', such as local reddening, swelling, pain, purulence and fever of unknown origin, were analysed. For documentation of the relevant data, special protocol forms, one for each catheter, were filled in at the time of insertion and removal of catheters. In comparison with simple hand washing, disinfection of hands before the insertion or wearing of gloves resulted in significantly fewer complications (relative risk 0.

Meloidogyne petuniae n. sp. (Nemata: Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode Parasitic on Petunia in Brazil.

Meloidogyne petuniae n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens parasitic on petunia (Petunia hybrida L.

Morphometric Evaluation of Hypotriploid and Triploid Populations of Meloidogyne arenaria.

A morphometric comparison of seven hypotriploid populations with five pooled triploid populations of Meloidogyne arenaria was made using standard descriptive statistics, stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA), and cluster analysis. Six morphometric characters of females, 14 of second-stage juveniles (J2), and 18 of males were measured for each population. Useful differentiating characters included: body length in J2; stylet length in females and J2; stylet-knob dimensions in females and males; dorsal esophageal gland orifice distance in all three life stages; esophagus-length ratio in males and J2; excretory pore position in J2; and spicule length in males.

Morphological Comparison of Seven Hypotriploid Populations of Meloidogyne arenaria with the Typical Triploid Populations.

A morphological comparison of seven hypotriploid populations of Meloidogyne arenaria was made to clarify their taxonomic status, using light and scanning electron microscopy. All populations differed from each other and from the typical triploid M. arenaria by certain features.

Meloidogyne morocciensis n. sp. (Meloidogyninae), a Root-knot Nematode from Morocco.

Meloidogyne morocciensis n. sp. is described from specimens parasitic on peach rootstock from Morocco.