Effects of lactose content in milk replacer on apparent digestibility, growth, liver messenger RNA expression, and blood parameters related to metabolism of dairy calves.

Even with the same energy supply, differences in energy sources may affect calf growth and metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the effects of feeding 3 different milk replacers (MR) with different lactose supplies under isoenergetic conditions on calf digestibility, growth, and metabolism-related markers. Fifteen Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned to one of 3 MR feeding treatments: low lactose (L: 38%), medium lactose (M: 41%), or high lactose (H: 46%).

Intranasal Premedication With Dexmedetomidine in an Adult Patient With Intellectual Disabilities: A Case Report.

Recently, intranasal dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to be effective as a preanesthetic medication, mostly in healthy pediatric patients. We attempted to administer intranasal DEX premedication in this case to an adult patient with intellectual disability who previously had difficulty tolerating premedication with oral midazolam. Using an intranasal atomization delivery device (MAD Nasal, Teleflex), we administered 1.

Language Development of Japanese Children Raised in Institutional Care.

Background: Nurturing environments have a critical influence on children's language development. It is unclear to what extent nurturing environments in institutions influence children's language development.

Methods: The present study investigated the early lexical development in Japanese children raised in institutional care (IC) (N = 86; 10-33 months; 37 boys) and compared their lexical skills to a large sample of age peers being raised in biological family care (BFC) (N = 1897; 937 boys) using vocabulary checklists.

Changes in mammary infection status in dairy cows during the dry period using dry cow therapy approaches on three farms.

This case study evaluated the mammary infection status of dairy cows during the dry periods and explored the associated problems in their quarters with dry cow therapy (DCT). This study assessed intramammary infections, antibiotic efficacy, and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens in 464-quarter milk samples from 59 dairy cows during the dry periods after applying blanket DCT, non-DCT, and selective DCT approaches on three farms. The recovery rates of intramammary infections were 95% (19/20 quarters) with blanket DCT on farm A, 70% (14/20) with non-DCT on farm B, and 19% (4/21) with selective DCT on farm C.

Efficacy and safety of radial incision and cutting for nonsurgical refractory benign esophageal stricture.

Radial incision and cutting (RIC) was established to improve refractory esophageal anastomotic strictures but its efficacy and safety for nonsurgical refractory strictures remain unclear. To evaluate the usefulness of RIC in nonsurgical refractory strictures, we retrospectively compared outcomes between nonsurgical and surgical strictures. We retrospectively studied 54 consecutive patients who were initially treated with RIC for refractory benign esophageal stricture.