Toxin-mediated depletion of NAD and NADP drives persister formation in a human pathogen.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria and implicated in genome stability, virulence, phage defense, and persistence. TA systems have diverse activities and cellular targets, but their physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms are often unclear. Here, we show that the NatR-NatT TA system, which is part of the core genome of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, generates drug-tolerant persisters by specifically depleting nicotinamide dinucleotides.

Development, synthesis, and application of magnetic layered double hydroxides (FeO@SiO-LDH/DS) as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of tetracyclines from milk samples.

This work presents the development, synthesis, and application of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) coupled to magnetic particles for the removal of antibiotics as tetracyclines (TC´s): tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CT), oxytetracycline (OT), and doxycycline (DT) from milk samples. The LDH synthesis conditions, reaction time (30-90 min), molar ratios Mg/Al (7:1-1:7), interlayer anion (NO, Cl, CO, and dodecyl sulphate (DS)) were evaluated. Under synthesis conditions (reaction time of 30 min, Mg/Al molar ratio of 7:1, and DS as interlayer anion), the LDH was coupled in a magnetic solid phase microextraction (MSPμE) methodology.