Complete Improvement of Severe Forearm Complex Regional Pain Syndrome with Six High-Dose Incobotulinumtoxin A Injections: Clinical Implications with Respect to the Literature.

There is some evidence that injections of botulinum neurotoxin effectively reduce pain in complex regional pain syndromes (CRPSs). But no or little experience appears to exist for the application of incobotulinum neurotoxin type A (incoBoNT/A) in complex pain disorders. Here, a case of CRPS type I, characterized by severe symptoms in the left forearm is presented, showed significant continuous improvement following a series of six repetitive (painful) injections into the finger, hand, and forearm muscles of incoBoNT/A every 3 months, administered at declining doses varying between 500 and 100 U.

"Pseudo"-Secondary Treatment Failure Explained via Disease Progression and Effective Botulinum Toxin Therapy: A Pilot Simulation Study.

Background: The objective of this study was to provide evidence from a simple simulation. In patients with focal dystonia, an initial good response to botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections followed by a secondary worsening does not necessarily arise from an antibody-induced secondary treatment failure (NAB-STF), but may stem from a "pseudo"-secondary treatment failure (PSEUDO-STF).

Methods: The simulation of the outcome after BoNT long-term treatment was performed in four steps: 1.

Exploring the Interplay between the Clinical and Presumed Effect of Botulinum Injections for Cervical Dystonia: A Pilot Study.

Background: Repetitive intramuscular injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) are the treatment of choice in patients with cervical dystonia (CD). As soon as BoNT therapy is initiated, the natural course of CD cannot be observed anymore. Nevertheless, the present study focuses on the "presumed" course of disease severity under the assumption that no BoNT therapy had been performed.

Differences in the Time Course of Recovery from Brain and Liver Dysfunction in Conventional Long-Term Treatment of Wilson Disease.

Background: The aim of this study was to demonstrate that both neurological and hepatic symptoms respond to copper chelation therapy in Wilson disease (WD). However, the time course of their recovery is different.

Methods: Eighteen patients with neurological WD from a single specialized center who had been listed for liver transplantation during the last ten years and two newly diagnosed homozygous twins were recruited for this retrospective study.

No Secondary Treatment Failure during Incobotulinumtoxin-A Long-Term Treatment Demonstrated by the Drawing of Disease Severity.

The aim of this study was to detect clinical hints regarding the development of secondary treatment failure (STF) in patients with focal dystonia who were exclusively treated with incobotulinumtoxin/A (incoBoNT/A). In total, 33 outpatients (26 with idiopathic cervical dystonia, 4 with Meige syndrome and 3 with other cranial dystonia) who were treated with repeated injections of incoBoNT/A for a mean period of 6.4 years without interruptions were recruited to draw the course of their disease severity (CoD) from the onset of symptoms to the onset of BoNT therapy (CoDB graph) and from the onset of BoNT therapy to recruitment (CoDA graph).