[Benchmarking of public hospitals using the example of "4QD-Qualitätskliniken.de"].

Patients and their relatives can use to the portal Qualitätskliniken.de to individually search for hospitals in their neighbourhood. The search criteria include: diagnosis, types of treatment or specialised departments.

[Implementation of a standardized perioperative pain management concept in three hospitals of a consortium].

Background: Provision of sufficient perioperative pain therapy is an obligation in the clinical management of patients suffering from pain. The implementation of a standardized pain management concept was planned to be introduced in the clinical routine. The results of three hospitals are shown.

[Formulation of reference ranges within the scope of quality assurance from case account totals and special reimbursement. Are results of clinical studies helpful?].

Normal ranges, which were set up for quality control, serve to define an acceptable qualitative niveau of treatment. To establish such criteria, it is important to consider group-specific characteristics during investigations. Results of clinical trials are the basics to determine the normal range of parameters of quality control.

[Male subfertility and conventional in vitro fertilization in Germany 1990 to 1993].

A retrospective study was carried out to compare the results of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) in 20936 patients with different sperm parameters who underwent IVF in Germany between 1990 and 1993. The study was designed to evaluate prognostic factors for IVF outcome, such as sperm parameters and pre-treatment diagnosis. The percentage of subfertile sperm parameters ( < 10 millions sperm per ml and/or < 30% progressive mobility and/or < 30% normal morphology) increased from 31.