[Xenotransplantation from a Christian-ethical perspective].

Xenotransplantation is a question of "ethics between man and animal". Because those affected in different ways by xenotransplantation (patients, relatives, medical doctors, laypeople) have different perceptions, "foreign" perspectives must be consciously considered next to one's own perspective in the ethical judgement. As xenotransplantation is still at the stage of preclinical research, this special opportunity for an early public ethical discussion should be taken.

[Christian responsibility and experimental medicine. Experiments with and on humans, experiments on animals].

The Jewish-Christian convictions that man was created as the image of God founded the "ethics of unavailability" which contrast with the utilitarian "ethics of interests." As man s nature is imperfect according to biblical understanding, those responsible in the field of experimental medicine should counteract all tendencies in society which promote an utopian definition of health and an eugenic mentality (idea of the "perfection of mankind"). Consequently, scientists must reflect their own image of man and the effects of their actions on this image.

[Oxygen consumption by indirect calorimetry and Fick equation in swine: role of cardiac output].

Objectives: To compare O2 uptake values measured by indirect calorimetry (VO2R) with Fick-derived values (VO2Fick) over a wide range of VO2 in experimental conditions and to analyze the influence of cardiac output (QC) on the difference between VO2R and VO2Fick.

Study Design: Animal study.

Material: Nineteen 2.