Anti-tuberculosis activity of morusin: a promising flavonoid from white mulberry.

TB has remained a significant public health concern from historical times to the present day. Each year, growing drug resistance problems necessitate the discovery of new drugs and drug precursors for TB treatment. Morusin is an important flavone found in the bark of white mulberry ( L.

A novel, conserved and possibly functional motif "WHWGHTW" in mitochondrial transcription across Bilateria.

The animal mitogenomes which undergone a reductive evolution has an obvious loss of coding capacity compared to their known closest relatives, but it has not yet been fully investigated why and how the intergenic regions do not encode protein and have no known functions, are stably maintained, replicated, and transmitted by the genome. These relatively small intergenic regions may not be under neutral evolution and they may have functional and/or regulatory roles that have yet to be identified. Here, the distribution pattern, sequence content and location of a novel sequence motif of 'WWWGHTW' were bioinformatically investigated and characterised by constructing a sampling mitogenome dataset of 1889 species from 14 phyla representing the clade of Bilateria.

The first mitogenomes of the superfamily Pamphilioidea (Hymenoptera: Symphyta): Mitogenome architecture and phylogenetic inference.

The Pamphilioidea represents a small superfamily of the phytophagous suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Here, nearly complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of three pamphilioid species: Chinolyda flagellicornis (Pamphiliidae), Megalodontes spiraeae and M. cephalotes (Megalodontesidae) were newly sequenced using next generation sequencing and comparatively analysed with the previously reported symphytan mitogenomes.

Trachelus stipa (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), a new stem sawfly from Central Anatolia associated with feather grass (Stipa holosericea, Poaceae).

Trachelus stipa is described from Central Anatolia, Turkey. It is morphologically close to T. flavicornis and T.

The complete mitogenomes of Calameuta filiformis (Eversmann, 1847) and Calameuta idolon (Rossi, 1794) (Hymenoptera: Cephidae): The remarkable features of the elongated A+T rich region in Cephini.

Two complete mitogenomes of the stem borers, Calameuta filiformis and Calameuta idolon, and the complete A+T-rich region of Trachelus iudaicus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), are reported. The mitogenomes of these species are the longest reported from hymenopterans to date. A remarkable increase in length of the A+T-rich region, the longest for Hymenoptera, was found and compared across the tribe Cephini.