Load transmission characteristics of limited carpal fusions: a two-dimensional finite element study.

Although limited carpal fusion is a choice of treatment in several wrist disorders, little is known about the biomechanics of these procedures, especially the loads carried by the ligaments. In a finite element study, four types of limited carpal fusions (scaphotrapeziotrapezoid, capitohamate, four corner fusion with and without scaphoid excision) were simulated and the loads carried by the ligaments were recorded. Measurements were repeated with and without implantation.

Socio-demographic parameters in screening for breast cancer: Lessons from a population-'based women's Health Project held in a province in Turkey.

Purpose: to inform healthy women about breast cancer and screen them, as well as to look for any relationship between demographic and clinical findings and breast cancer.

Methods: thirty-five health teams were created prior to the study. The teams were primarily trained for breast examination and for screening methods to detect breast cancer.