The Causes and Consequences of DNA Damage and Chromosomal Instability Induced by Human Papillomavirus.

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the main cause of cervical, oropharyngeal, and anogenital cancers, which are all treated with definitive chemoradiation therapy when locally advanced. HPV proteins are known to exploit the host DNA damage response to enable viral replication and the epithelial differentiation protocol. This has far-reaching consequences for the host genome, as the DNA damage response is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability.

Effects of increasing dietary level of a commercial liquid supplement on growth performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers.

Feeding cattle liquid supplements has become increasingly popular in the feedlot industry; however, optimal inclusion of liquid supplements in feedlot cattle diets is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal inclusion of liquid supplementation to maximize growth performance and improve carcass characteristics, as well as estimate the energy value of liquid supplementation when used as a direct corn replacement, for feedlot steers fed a concentrate-based diet. Two hundred and eighty steer calves were stratified by BW into light (BW = 208 ± 9 kg; = 24) and heavy (BW = 275 ± 8 kg; = 16) pens.

Effects of the interaction of forage and supplement type on digestibility and ruminal fermentation in beef cattle.

The objectives of this research were to test interactions of supplement type, liquid versus dry, and forage type, hay versus corn stover, on digestibility and ruminal metabolism of beef cattle. Ruminally fistulated steers were fed in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: 1) hay with liquid supplement, 2) hay with dry supplement, 3) corn stover with liquid supplement, and 4) corn stover with dry supplement. The liquid supplement was molasses and glycerin based (23.

Effects of prepartum controlled-energy wheat straw and grass hay diets supplemented with starch or sugar on periparturient dairy cow performance and lipid metabolism.

This study examined the effects of a forage source [wheat straw (WS) versus grass hay (GH)] prepartum and supplemental carbohydrate source [corn (dry feed; DF) versus molasses (liquid feed; LF)] on pre- and postpartum intake, digestibility, selective particle consumption, milk yield, and lipid metabolism. The objectives were to determine if forage or pre- and postpartum supplement alters periparturient intake, energy balance, and milk yield. Sixty (n=15) multiparous dairy cows were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to compare WS versus GH diets supplemented with either DF or LF.

Use of soybean hulls as a replacement for dry rolled corn in beef cattle feedlot receiving diets.

Consecutive receiving studies were used to evaluate the replacement of starch (dry rolled corn; DRC) with a nonforage fiber source (soybean hulls; SBH) on performance, mineral, and blood metabolite status of newly arrived feedlot steer calves. Steers in yr 1 (Y1; 9 pens/diet, 8 to 10 animals/pen) and yr 2 (Y2; 6 pens/diet, 9 to 10 animals/pen) were blocked by weaning management, and then stratified by BW and randomly assigned to pens. Pens were randomly assigned to an oat silage-based diet containing starch (HS) from DRC or digestible fiber (HF) from SBH.