Long pulse large area beam extraction with a rf driven H(-)/D(-) source.

IPP Garching is heavily involved in the development of the rf driven H(-)/D(-) ion source for the ITER NBI. After the successful demonstration of the required physical parameters, the experimental conditions have been extended to long pulses and large area beam extraction. This paper contains descriptions of the source and power supply modifications necessitated for long pulses as well as the latest results including the first 1 h pulse.

Low pressure and high power rf sources for negative hydrogen ions for fusion applications (ITER neutral beam injection).

The international fusion experiment ITER requires for the plasma heating and current drive a neutral beam injection system based on negative hydrogen ion sources at 0.3 Pa. The ion source must deliver a current of 40 A D(-) for up to 1 h with an accelerated current density of 200 Am/(2) and a ratio of coextracted electrons to ions below 1.

Deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy and the puerperium: a comprehensive review.

Although uncommon during pregnancy and the postpartum period, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its sequela, pulmonary thromboembolism, remain leading sources of maternal mortality and morbidity. The majority of literature concerning DVT in pregnancy and the postpartum period exists in the medical journals, with only a small amount in nursing journals. This article provides the nursing community a comprehensive review of literature concerning the incidence of both DVT and pulmonary embolism in pregnancy and the postpartum period, identification of risk factors, the effectiveness of available screening and diagnostic tools, and finally, options for treatment and prophylaxis.

Effects of tetrodotoxin-induced neural inactivation on single muscle fiber metabolic enzymes.

Selected enzymes were measured in mixed-fiber bundles and individual fibers from rat plantaris (PL) and soleus (Sol) muscles that had undergone either 2 wk of tetrodotoxin (TTX) inactivation of the sciatic nerve, a sham operation, or were contralateral to the TTX limb. TTX disuse caused severe wasting of PL (46%) and Sol (26%) muscles and of single fibers (50% and 40%, respectively). TTX PL and Sol also had reduced (50%) glycogen content.

Behaviors of rats with insidious, multifocal brain damage induced by seizures following single peripheral injections of lithium and pilocarpine.

Several domains of behavior were measured in rats (n = 465) 10 days to 100 days after induction of limbic seizures by a single subcutaneous injection of lithium and pilocarpine. These rats displayed enhanced intragroup aggression but normal muricide; gustatory neophobia and conditioned taste aversion were virtually eliminated. Severe working and reference memory deficits were evident within the radial arm maze.