Associations Between Muscle Thickness, Motor Function, and Echo Intensity in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Men and Women.

Purpose Muscle atrophy progresses with age. The motor function may be estimated by measuring the muscle mass; however, if muscle quality deteriorates due to an increase in connective tissue within the muscle, a decline in motor function may be missed by measuring muscle mass alone. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between muscle mass, muscle quality, and motor function.

NEIL1: the second DNA glycosylase involved in action-at-a-distance mutations induced by 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine.

8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (G, 8-hydroxyguanine), an oxidatively damaged base, induces mutations and is involved in cancer initiation. In addition to G:C→T:A transversions at the damaged site, it causes untargeted base substitution (action-at-a-distance) mutations at the G bases of 5'-GpA-3' sites in human cells. Paradoxically, OGG1, a DNA glycosylase involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, enhances the action-at-a-distance mutations by G.

Effect of antidepressants and social defeat stress on the activity of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons in free-moving animals.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most common mental disorders worldwide and is characterized by dysregulated reward processing associated with anhedonia. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line treatment for MDD; however, their onset of action is delayed. Recent reports have shown that serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are activated by rewards and play a vital role in reward processing.

Urinary odor molecules in the Otassha Study can distinguish patients with sarcopenia: A pilot study.

Aim: To identify sarcopenia markers in urinary odor.

Methods: We performed solid-phase microextraction from the headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 71 healthy individuals and 68 patients diagnosed with sarcopenia according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. The mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of 10 VOCs with a significant difference in the total ion chromatogram of 220 VOCs detected in this study were compared by U-test.