Generation of binder-format-payload conjugate-matrices by antibody chain-exchange.

The generation of antibody-drug conjugates with optimal functionality depends on many parameters. These include binder epitope, antibody format, linker composition, conjugation site(s), drug-to-antibody ratio, and conjugation method. The production of matrices that cover all possible parameters is a major challenge in identifying optimal antibody-drug conjugates.

Whole Blood Interferon γ Release Is a More Sensitive Marker of Prior Exposure to Than Are Antibody Responses.

For the zoonotic disease Q fever, serological analysis plays a dominant role in the diagnosis of infection and in pre-screening for past exposure prior to vaccination. A number of studies suggest that assessment of -specific T-cell IFNγ responses may be a more sensitive tool to assess past exposure. In this study, we assessed the performance of a whole blood IFNγ release assay in comparison to serological detection in an area of high Q fever incidence in 2014, up to seven years after initial exposure during the Dutch Q fever outbreak 2007-2010.

Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens.

The performance of time-resolved photoemission experiments at fs-pulsed photon sources is ultimately limited by the e-e Coulomb interaction, downgrading energy and momentum resolution. Here, we present an approach to effectively suppress space-charge artifacts in momentum microscopes and photoemission microscopes. A retarding electrostatic field generated by a special objective lens repels slow electrons, retaining the k-image of the fast photoelectrons.

Format chain exchange (FORCE) for high-throughput generation of bispecific antibodies in combinatorial binder-format matrices.

Generation of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) requires a combination of compatible binders in formats that support desired functionalities. Here, we report that bsAb-matrices can be generated by Format Chain Exchange (FORCE), enabling screening of combinatorial binder/format spaces. Input molecules for generation of bi/multi-valent bsAbs are monospecific entities similar to knob-into-hole half-antibodies, yet with complementary CH3-interface-modulated and affinity-tagged dummy-chains.

Repurposing isoxazoline veterinary drugs for control of vector-borne human diseases.

Isoxazolines are oral insecticidal drugs currently licensed for ectoparasite control in companion animals. Here we propose their use in humans for the reduction of vector-borne disease incidence. Fluralaner and afoxolaner rapidly killed , , and mosquitoes and sand flies after feeding on a drug-supplemented blood meal, with IC values ranging from 33 to 575 nM, and were fully active against strains with preexisting resistance to common insecticides.