Phage typing of Bacillus subtilis and B. thuringiensis.

Phage typing schemes for Bacillus subtilis and B. thuringiensis were constructed using 98 phages and 743 bacterial strains. Most phages were host-species-specific.

Clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia: characterization of putative mosquito larvicidal proteins.

The toxicity of Clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia to mosquito larvae is due to protein toxins, belonging to a novel class of insecticidal toxins. Toxic extracts contains three major proteins of 66, 18 and 16 kDa. The 18-kDa and 16-kDa proteins are probably involved in toxicity.

Vertebrate safety of Clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia, a new larvicidal agent for vector control.

The safety of bacterial cells of Clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia, which is highly toxic to mosquito larvae, was tested on mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and goldfish. Inoculations of at least 1 x 10(8) cells per animal by routes recommended by World Health Organization (subcutaneous, percutaneous, inhalation, force-feeding, intraperitoneal, intravenous) and tests of subacute toxicity, anaphylactic shock, persistence in heart blood, and virulence by successive passages, were performed on mice, guinea pigs, or both. Growth was monitored for 1 mo before necropsy.

Host range of Clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia, a mosquitocidal anaerobic bacterium.

Clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia (C.b.