Ex vivo cholangioscopy in liver grafts: a novel technique to assess the biliary tree during organ preservation and machine perfusion: a experimental non-clinical study.

Background/aims: Biliary complications are a leading cause of morbidity after liver transplantation, but can be reduced using real-time assessment of the biliary tree. This study described a novel technique for performing ex vivo cholangioscopy during cold static storage and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) to assess the biliary tree before liver transplantation.

Methods: Human donor livers, which were considered unsuitable for transplantation, were perfused at 36ºC using a modified commercial ex vivo perfusion system.

Multimodality Imaging Findings in Cardiac Plasmacytoma.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma involving the heart is a rare occurrence. We present the case of a 74-year-old man who received a diagnosis of cardiac plasmacytoma in the context of relapsed multiple myeloma. The tumor primarily presented as a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma with extensive infiltration into the right ventricle, leading to mild symptoms such as dyspnea.

Recombinant Pichinde reporter virus as a safe and suitable surrogate for high-throughput antiviral screening against highly pathogenic arenaviruses.

Several arenaviruses, such as the Old World (OW) Lassa virus (LASV) and the New World (NW) Junin virus (JUNV), can cause severe and lethal viral hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Currently, no vaccines or specific antiviral therapies are FDA-approved for treating arenavirus infections. One major challenge for the development of new therapeutic candidates against these highly pathogenic viruses is that they are BSL-3/4 pathogens that need to be handled in high biocontainment laboratories.

Interpreting IGF-1 in children treated with recombinant growth hormone: challenges during early puberty.

Objective: It can be challenging to determine the correct dosage of recombinant growth hormone (GH) in children with GH deficiency, leading to highly variable treatment responses. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a tool for monitoring GH treatment and dosing. However, IGF-1 levels depend on sex, age, and pubertal stage, amongst other factors, making its interpretation somewhat difficult.

Development of a Highly Selective Synthesis of 4-Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Study.

Herein, we describe a general and selective deprotonation functionalization reaction of tetrahydroquinolines at the 4-position using organolithiums and phosphoramide ligands. In addition to the development of a direct deprotonation alkylation reaction with primary and secondary alkyl halides, a Negishi cross-coupling protocol was realized to afford products with a range of aromatic halides. These methods were applied to the late-stage installation of tetrahydroquinolines into a variety of substrates including pharmaceuticals as well as natural product analogues.