Extubation Practices and Outcomes During Pediatric Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry, 2018-2022.

Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes associated with extubation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatric patients.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry, 2018-2022.

Setting: Multicenter and international database of all ECMO centers in the ELSO registry.

Subtherapeutic Meropenem Antibiotic Exposure in Children With Septic Shock Assessed by Noncompartmental Pharmacokinetic Analysis in a Prospective Dataset.

Objectives: To define meropenem plasma concentrations and pharmacodynamic exposure metrics in children with septic shock during the first 3 days of PICU hospitalization.

Design: Pharmacokinetic sampling was undertaken in 19 subjects receiving standard meropenem dosing (20 mg/kg/dose, 8 hr) recruited from March 2019 to March 2022. Sampling occurred once each day following meropenem given 24 hours apart, during the first 3 PICU days.

Perturbation of peptidoglycan recycling by anti-folates and design of a dual-action inhibitor.

Unlabelled: Peptidoglycan (PG) is an important bacterial macromolecule that confers cell shape and structural integrity, and is a key antibiotic target. Its synthesis and turnover are carefully coordinated with other cellular processes and pathways. Despite established connections between the biosynthesis of PG and the outer membrane, or PG and DNA replication, links between PG and folate metabolism remain comparatively unexplored.

Structural conservation and functional role of TfpY-like proteins in type IV pilus assembly.

Unlabelled: Type IV pili (T4P) are important virulence factors that allow bacteria to adhere to and rapidly colonize their hosts. T4P are primarily composed of major pilins that undergo cycles of extension and retraction and minor pilins that initiate pilus assembly. Bacteriophages use T4P as receptors and exploit pilus dynamics to infect their hosts.

Assessing Clinical Improvement of Infants Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Critical Illness.

Background: Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) commonly requires hospitalization. The Clinical Progression Scale Pediatrics (CPS-Ped) measures level of respiratory support and degree of hypoxia across a range of disease severity, but it has not been applied in infants hospitalized with severe RSV-LRTI.

Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective surveillance registry of infants hospitalized for RSV-related complications across 39 U.