Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: thoughts on etiology and pathophysiology.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) remains a mysterious entity, with several gaps in our understanding, despite intensive research. The current theory of its etiology is diminished vascular compliance with redistribution of vascular pulsations. The manifestations of NPH can be explained by the compression of parenchyma and vessels and the accumulation of toxic metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in the brain parenchyma.

Imaging findings in paraspinal extra osseous Ewing sarcoma.

We present a case of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (ES) in a 32-year-old male patient. The patient reported a painful mass in the thoracic paraspinal area which reached a considerable size in a one-month interval. Sonography and CT showed a heterogeneous, hypoechoic/hypodense soft tissue mass embedded in the dorsal paraspinal musculature.

Complementary role of helical CT cholangiography to MR cholangiography in the evaluation of biliary function and kinetics.

To explore the potential role of computed tomographic cholangiography (CTC) in relation to magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in cases in which knowledge of biliary kinetics and functional information are important for therapeutic decisions, 31 patients (14 men and 17 women) underwent MRC followed by CTC. We examined nine post-cholecystectomy cases with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, six cases with a previous biliary-enteric anastomosis and clinical evidence of cholangitis, eight biliary strictures with pain or symptoms of cholangitis, four cases with strong clinical evidence of sclerosing cholangitis, three cases with suspected post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy bile leakage, and one case with chronic pancreatitis and a common bile duct stent associated with cholangitis. In relation to MRC, CTC provided additional biliary functional information as follows: abnormal biliary drainage through the ampulla in 7/9 cholecystectomy cases, impaired drainage in 3/6 biliary-enteric anastomoses, and complete obstruction in 2/8 biliary strictures.

Peritoneal metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract: CT and MR imaging.

We present three patients with peritoneal metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. CT scan in one patient showed massive ascites with subtle peritoneal thickening and infiltration of omental fat. We had the opportunity to study the other patients with both CT and MR.