An analysis of the use of historical control data in the assessment of regulatory pesticide toxicity studies.

The concurrent control group is the most important reference for the interpretation of toxicity studies. However, pooled information on control animals from independent studies, i.e.

Residues of pesticide co-formulants in lettuce and parsley: Identification of decline processes using field trials in different cropping systems.

Background: Although co-formulants constitute a substantial portion of the total plant protection product (PPP) mass applied to crops, data on residue formation and the behaviour of these substances on plants are scarce. In an earlier study we demonstrated that co-formulants commonly used in PPPs can form considerable residues, i.e.

Magnitude and decline of pesticide co-formulant residues in vegetables and fruits: results from field trials compared to estimated values.

Background: The application of plant protection products (PPPs) leads to the formation of residues in treated crops. Even though PPPs contain considerable amounts of co-formulants, regulation and monitoring of residues normally focus on the active substances (a.s.

Toxic Responses Induced at High Doses May Affect Benchmark Doses.

To derive reference points (RPs) for health-based guidance values, the benchmark dose (BMD) approach increasingly replaces the no-observed-adverse-effect level approach. In the BMD approach, the RP corresponds to the benchmark dose lower confidence bounds (BMDLs) of a mathematical dose-response model derived from responses of animals over the entire dose range applied. The use of the entire dose range is seen as an important advantage of the BMD approach.