Microbes display broad diversity in cobamide preferences.

Cobamides, the vitamin B (cobalamin) family of cofactors, are used by most organisms but produced by only a fraction of prokaryotes, and are thus considered key shared nutrients among microbes. Cobamides are structurally diverse, with multiple different cobamides found in most microbial communities. The ability to use different cobamides has been tested for several bacteria and microalgae, and nearly all show preferences for certain cobamides.

Factor structure for measures of bystander likelihood, barriers, and actions to prevent problematic alcohol use among college students.

Objective: There are currently no adequate measures to assess bystander intervention for problematic alcohol use (PAU).

Methods: We developed initial measures of bystander intervention for PAU, that include the constructs of likelihood to intervene, barriers to intervention, and actions taken in response to PAU situation. We sought to confirm the factor structure of the initial measures using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Macrostructural Brain Abnormalities in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Case-Control Study.

Background And Objectives: Most individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) on disease-modifying therapies continue to have chronic motor impairment. Insights into brain involvement in SMA may open new pathways for adjunctive therapies to optimize outcomes. We aimed to characterize macrostructural brain abnormalities detected by MRI in individuals with SMA compared with peer controls.

Effects of xylazine on naloxone-precipitated fentanyl withdrawal in male and female rats.

Purpose: The combination of fentanyl and xylazine (i.e., "tranq-dope") was recently declared an emerging national health threat in the United States.

Evaluation of a portable fluorometer for the quantification of vitamin E in blood at key physiological stages of dairy cattle.

Vitamin E is essential in mitigating the impact of oxidative stress on periparturient dairy cows and neonatal calves. Therefore, it is essential to measure circulating vitamin E concentrations accurately. Currently, the only reliable method is an expensive and time-consuming procedure using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).