Publications by authors named "H Caldwell"
People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a greater risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease, in later life. Exogenous ketone supplements containing the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) may be a strategy to protect the brain as β-OHB can support cerebral metabolism and promote neuronal plasticity via expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Parallel human (ClinicalTrials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study assessed the impact of 14 days of Low Energy Availability (LEA) versus Optimal Energy Availability (OEA) on trained female endurance athletes, focusing on their metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and exercise performance.
- Participants followed a controlled diet with specific calorie intakes and maintained their regular training, revealing that LEA negatively impacted a 20-minute endurance performance by about 7.8% while increasing fat utilization.
- Despite changes in fat metabolism, LEA did not significantly affect glucose control or skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, indicating a need for further research on its long-term effects on training quality and recovery.
In rodents, oxytocin (Oxt) contributes to the onset of maternal care by shifting the perception of pups from aversive to attractive. Both Oxt receptor knockout (Oxtr -/-) and forebrain-specific Oxtr knockout (FB/FB) dams abandon their first litters, likely due to a failure of the brain to 'switch' to a more maternal state. Whether this behavioral shift is neurochemically similar in virgin females, who can display maternal behaviors when repeatedly exposed to pups, or what neuroanatomical substrate is critical for the onset of maternal care remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: How the cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen and glucose utilization (CMRO and CMR, respectively) are affected by alterations in arterial PCO (PaCO) is equivocal and therefore was the primary question of this study.
Methods: This retrospective analysis involved pooled data from four separate studies, involving 41 healthy adults (35 males/6 females). Participants completed stepwise steady-state alterations in PaCO ranging between 30 and 60 mmHg.
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated how 14 days of low energy availability (LEA) affects the immune function and exercise performance in female endurance athletes.
- Twelve athletes participated in a crossover study, alternating between optimal energy availability (OEA) and LEA diets, with blood samples taken for analysis.
- Results showed that LEA increased certain immune-related proteins and cortisol levels, impaired white blood cell activity during exercise, and negatively impacted exercise performance, which persisted even after a refueling period.