One Step Synthesis of 4,6,8-Trimethoxyazulenes - a General Building Block for 2-Functionalized Azulenes.

Here we present a simple gold-catalyzed one-pot reaction of easily available diarylbutadiynes, with trimethoxybenzene as solvent and reactant to synthesize 4,6,8-trimethoxyazulenes. The methoxy substituents, which render the azulene very electron-rich, enable a change of azulenes typical regioselectivity for electrophilic substitutions, which enables facile electrophilic 2-substitution with iodine, bromine, chlorine, selenium or sulfur. Especially the 2-haloazulenes which can usually only be obtained through lengthy multistep syntheses are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of 2-substituted azulene derivatives.

Potential for Optimization of Growth Hormone Treatment in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency, Small for Gestational Age, and Turner Syndrome in Germany: Data from the PATRO® Children Study.

Introduction: Growth hormone (GH) treatment in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), short children born small for gestational age (SGA), and Turner syndrome (TS) is well established. However, a variety of parameters are still under discussion to achieve optimal growth results and efficiency of GH use in real-world treatment.

Methods: German GH-treatment naïve patients of the PATRO Children database were grouped according to their start of treatment into groups of 3 years from 2007 to 2018.

Protocol: Prospective evaluation of feasibility, added value and satisfaction of remote digital self-assessment for mild cognitive impairment in routine care with the neotivCare app.

Introduction: Timely diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Alzheimer's disease is crucial for early interventions, but its implementation is often challenging due to the complexity and time burden of required cognitive assessments. To address these challenges, the usability of new unsupervised digital remote assessment tools needs to be validated in a care context.

Methods And Analysis: This multicentric healthcare research evaluation survey, re.

Reduced ambiguity and improved interpretability of bacterial genome-wide associations using gene-cluster-centric -mers.

The wide adoption of bacterial genome sequencing and encoding both core and accessory genome variation using -mers has allowed bacterial genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with relevant phenotypes such as those linked to infection. Significant limitations still remain because of -mers being duplicated across gene clusters and as far as the interpretation of association results is concerned, which affects the wider adoption of GWAS methods on microbial data sets. We have developed a simple computational method (panfeed) that explicitly links each -mer to their gene cluster at base-resolution level, which allows us to avoid biases introduced by a global de Bruijn graph as well as more easily map and annotate associated variants.

Language-switching and retrieval-based learning: an unfavorable combination.

Language-switching costs arise when learners encode information in one language and subsequently recall that information in a different language. The assumed cognitive mechanism behind these costs is the principle of encoding specificity that implies language-dependent representations of information. The aim of our study was to test this mechanism and to gain insights into the impact of language-switching on subsequent learning.