Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex in management of chronic neuropathic pain: a systematic review.

Objectives: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) with frequencies 5-20 Hz is an expanding non-invasive treatment for chronic neuropathic pain (NP). Outcome data, however, show considerable inhomogeneity with concern to the levels of effect due to the great diversity of treated conditions. The aim of this review was to survey the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of M1 rTMS, and the accuracy to predict a positive response to epidural motor cortex stimulation (MCS) which is supposed to give a more longstanding pain relief.

Preliminary experience with a new system for vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of refractory focal onset seizures.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an accepted therapy for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. A new VNS system ("FitNeS"; manufactured by BioControl Medical (B.C.

Fractionated, stereotactic proton beam treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency and adverse effects of stereotactic proton beam treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM).

Material And Methods: Twenty-six patients treated in Uppsala during 1991-97 were included (men = 14, women = 12; mean age = 39, range = 23-64). The nidus volumes ranged from 0.

Cognition-enhancing effect of vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study.

Background: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established treatment method for therapy-refractory epilepsy and, in Europe, for treatment-resistant depression also. Clinical and experimental investigations have also shown positive effects of VNS on cognition in epilepsy and depression. The purpose of the present pilot study was to investigate the effect of VNS on cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Force measurements of postural sway and rapid arm lift in seated children with and without MMC.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the horizontal ground reaction forces of seated postural sway and rapid arm lift in children with and without myelomeningocele. BACKGROUND; It is unclear whether children with myelomeningocele have limited control of body posture entirely caused by the impairment in the legs or also by other dysfunction.

Methods: 11 children with myelomeningocele, 10-13 years, and 20 children without physical impairment were investigated.