Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in glycogen storage disease type Ib: Data from an international questionnaire.

Purpose: This paper aims to report collective information on safety and efficacy of empagliflozin drug repurposing in individuals with glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib).

Methods: This is an international retrospective questionnaire study on the safety and efficacy of empagliflozin use for management of neutropenia/neutrophil dysfunction in patients with GSD Ib, conducted among the respective health care providers from 24 countries across the globe.

Results: Clinical data from 112 individuals with GSD Ib were evaluated, representing a total of 94 treatment years.

ALG6-CDG in South Africa: Genotype-Phenotype Description of Five Novel Patients.

ALG6-CDG (formerly named CDG-Ic) (phenotype OMIM 603147, genotype OMIM 604566), is caused by defective endoplasmic reticulum α-1,3-glucosyltransferase (E.C 2.4.

Collective memories of Germans and Japanese about the past half-century.

We investigate the collective memories of two samples drawn in 1991, one from the former West Germany and one from Yokohama, Japan. In the early 1990s such samples included many members of World War II cohorts and also cohorts born long after that war had ended. We consider the relation of age, conceptualised as birth cohort, to the salience of memories of national and world events that were mentioned as important in response to a quite general open-ended question about the past half-century.

Problems in the use of survey questions to measure public opinion.

Sample interview surveys are frequently proposed and sometimes used as a way of studying public choices among alternatives. Questions in such surveys may be either "open" or "closed." Two experiments are reported that demonstrate the difficulty of inferring not only absolute levels but even relative orderings of public choices from either type of question, although such questions can be used more successfully to study temporal change or variations across social categories.