A Programming Algorithm for Optimizing Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Respiratory Entrainment.

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is a surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea that activates in a phasic manner. The most widely available HNS device has respiratory entrainment programming settings that are not widely utilized. We present an algorithm for office-based respiratory sensing adjustments to optimize HNS respiratory entrainment.

Frameless Stereotactic Biopsy of Brainstem Tumors Using the Stealth Autoguide: A Technical Note.

Background And Objectives: In the molecular era of neuro-oncology, it is increasingly necessary to obtain tissue for next-generation sequencing and methylome profile for prognosis and targeted oncological management. Brainstem tumors can be technically challenging to biopsy in the pediatric population. Frame-based and frameless techniques have previously been described and proven to be safe and efficacious in children.

Susceptibility-Weighted MRI Approximates Intraoperative Microelectrode Recording During Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus for Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) for Parkinson's disease can be performed with intraoperative neurophysiological and radiographic guidance. Conventional T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences, however, often fail to provide definitive borders of the STN. Novel magnetic resonance imaging sequences, such as susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), might better localize the STN borders and facilitate radiographic targeting.

Accuracy of Depth Electrodes is Not Time-Dependent in Robot-Assisted Stereoelectroencephalography in a Pediatric Population.

Background And Objectives: Robot-assisted stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is steadily supplanting traditional frameless and frame-based modalities for minimally invasive depth electrode placement in epilepsy workup. Accuracy rates similar to gold-standard frame-based techniques have been achieved, with improved operative efficiency. Limitations in cranial fixation and placement of trajectories in pediatric patients are believed to contribute to a time-dependent accumulation of stereotactic error.